9. Comparatives and Superlatives

🔹 A. Basic Rules

TypeUseExample
Comparativecompares twoShe is taller than me.
Superlativecompares allShe is the tallest in the class.

🔹 B. One-Syllable Adjectives

Comparative: Add -er
 Superlative: Add -est

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
talltallertallest
smallsmallersmallest
fastfasterfastest

Example:

  • John is taller than Sam.

  • John is the tallest boy in class.

🔹 C. One-Syllable Ending in “e”

Just add -r and -st

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
largelargerlargest
bravebraverbravest

🔹 D. One-Syllable with Vowel + Consonant

Double the last consonant before adding -er/-est

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
bigbiggerbiggest
hothotterhottest

🔹 E. Two-Syllable Words (ending in -y)

Change -y to -i, then add -er/-est

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
happyhappierhappiest
busybusierbusiest

🔹 F. Two or More Syllables (not ending in -y)

Use more and most

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful
importantmore importantmost important

🔹 G. Irregular Adjectives

These do not follow the rules above.

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
goodbetterbest
badworseworst
farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest
littlelessleast
many/muchmoremost

🔹 H. Sentence Patterns

Comparative:

  • A + verb + comparative adjective + than + B
     Example: This book is more interesting than that one.

Superlative:

  • A + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun
     Example: She is the most talented singer.

🔹 I. Common Mistakes to Avoid

WrongCorrect
more betterbetter (no “more”)
the most fastestthe fastest
more happierhappier

🔹 J. Quick Practice – Fill in the blanks

Complete with the correct form:

  1. This road is __________ (long) than the other.

  2. That was the __________ (bad) movie I’ve seen.

  3. She is __________ (kind) than her sister.

  4. Mount Everest is the __________ (high) mountain in the world.

  5. My bag is __________ (heavy) than yours.

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