2. Sentence Structure – Detailed Explanation

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It always contains a subject and a predicate (verb + object or complement).

🔹 Basic Structure of a Sentence

  1. Subject + Verb

    • She sings.

    • Birds fly.

  2. Subject + Verb + Object

    • He eats apples.

    • They play football.

  3. Subject + Verb + Complement

    • She is a teacher.

    • The sky looks blue.

🔹 Types of Sentences (By Function)

  1. Declarative Sentence
    ➤ Makes a statement.
     Example: I like ice cream.

  2. Interrogative Sentence
    ➤ Asks a question.
     Example: Do you like coffee?

  3. Imperative Sentence
    ➤ Gives a command or request.
     Example: Please close the door.

  4. Exclamatory Sentence
    ➤ Expresses strong feeling.
     Example: What a beautiful day!

🔹 Types of Sentences (By Structure)

  1. Simple Sentence
    ➤ One independent clause.
     Example: She is reading a book.

  2. Compound Sentence
    ➤ Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
     Example: He is tired, but he is still working.

  3. Complex Sentence
    ➤ One independent clause + one or more dependent clauses.
     Example: I stayed home because it was raining.

  4. Compound-Complex Sentence
    ➤ Two or more independent clauses + one or more dependent clauses.
     Example: She went to the market, and I stayed home because I was sick.

🔹 Subjects in Sentences

  • Simple Subject: The main noun or pronoun.
     Example: The dog barked.

  • Compound Subject: Two or more subjects.
     Example: John and Mary are coming.

🔹 Predicates in Sentences

  • Simple Predicate: The main verb.
     Example: He runs.

  • Complete Predicate: Verb + all words that tell more.
     Example: He runs very fast every morning.

🔹 Clauses

  • Independent Clause: Can stand alone.
     Example: I like pizza.

  • Dependent Clause: Cannot stand alone.
     Example: Because I was hungry.

🔹 Phrases vs Clauses

  • Phrase: Group of words without subject + verb.
     Example: on the table, in the morning

  • Clause: Group of words with subject + verb.
     Example: I woke up early.

🔹 Word Order in English (SVO)

Standard word order:
 Subject + Verb + Object

  • She (S) eats (V) an apple (O).

  • They (S) are watching (V) a movie (O).

🔹 Modifiers in Sentences

Modifiers add detail. They must be placed near the word they modify.

  • Correct: The boy wearing a red shirt is my friend.

  • Wrong: Wearing a red shirt, the boy’s friend is mine.

🔹 Examples of All Sentence Types

Sentence TypeExample
SimpleThe cat sleeps.
CompoundI was tired, but I kept working.
ComplexBecause she studied, she passed the test.
Compound-ComplexI went out, and she stayed in because she was tired.

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