12. Active and Passive Voice

 🔹 A. What is Active Voice?

In active voice, the subject of the sentence does the action.

Structure:
 Subject + verb + object

Examples:

  • The cat chased the mouse.

  • She writes a letter.

🔹 B. What is Passive Voice?

In passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action.

Structure:
 Subject + be (am/is/are/was/were) + past participle (+ by + doer)

Examples:

  • The mouse was chased by the cat.

  • A letter is written by her.

🔹 C. When to Use Passive Voice

  • When the doer is unknown or unimportant.
     Example: The window was broken last night.

  • To focus on the action or receiver rather than the doer.
     Example: The homework was completed on time.

  • In formal writing or scientific reports.

🔹 D. Changing Active to Passive Voice

  1. Identify the object of the active sentence.

  2. Make the object the subject of the passive sentence.

  3. Use the correct form of “be” + past participle.

  4. Add “by” + doer (optional).

🔹 E. Examples

Active VoicePassive Voice
She writes a letter.A letter is written by her.
The chef cooked the meal.The meal was cooked by the chef.
They are cleaning the room.The room is being cleaned by them.

🔹 F. Passive Voice Tense Forms

TenseActive ExamplePassive Form
Present SimpleShe writes a report.A report is written by her.
Past SimpleThey cleaned the house.The house was cleaned by them.
Present ContinuousHe is painting the wall.The wall is being painted by him.
Future SimpleWe will finish the work.The work will be finished by us.

🔹 G. Practice – Convert to Passive Voice

  1. The teacher explains the lesson.

  2. They built a new bridge.

  3. She is writing a book.

  4. The company will launch a product.

  5. He has completed the task.

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