1. Parts of Speech – Detailed Explanation

English grammar has 8 parts of speech. These are the basic types of words used in the English language.

1. Noun

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Types of Nouns:

  • Common Noun – general name (e.g. boy, city, dog)

  • Proper Noun – specific name (e.g. John, London, Rover)

  • Countable Noun – can be counted (e.g. apple/apples)

  • Uncountable Noun – cannot be counted (e.g. water, air)

  • Collective Noun – group name (e.g. team, family, class)

  • Abstract Noun – idea, feeling, or quality (e.g. love, honesty)

Examples:

  • My brother lives in New York.

  • She has great confidence.

2. Pronoun

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.

Types of Pronouns:

  • Personal Pronouns – I, you, he, she, we, they

  • Possessive Pronouns – my, your, his, her, their, its, our

  • Reflexive Pronouns – myself, yourself, themselves

  • Demonstrative Pronouns – this, that, these, those

  • Interrogative Pronouns – who, what, which

  • Relative Pronouns – who, whom, whose, which, that

Examples:

  • She is my friend.

  • That book is mine.

3. Verb

A verb is a word that shows action or state of being.

Types of Verbs:

  • Main Verbs – express main action or state (e.g. eat, go, know)

  • Helping Verbs – help the main verb (e.g. is, have, will)

  • Transitive Verbs – need an object (e.g. She reads books.)

  • Intransitive Verbs – do not need an object (e.g. He sleeps.)

Tenses: Verbs change form to show time (present, past, future)

Examples:

  • He runs fast.

  • They are playing football.

4. Adjective

An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

Types of Adjectives:

  • Descriptive – red, tall, smart

  • Quantitative – some, many, few

  • Demonstrative – this, that, these, those

  • Possessive – my, your, his, her

  • Interrogative – which, what, whose

  • Comparative – taller, more beautiful

  • Superlative – tallest, most beautiful

Examples:

  • She is wearing a blue dress.

  • He is taller than me.

5. Adverb

An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Answers questions like:

  • How? – quickly, slowly

  • When? – now, later

  • Where? – here, outside

  • How often? – always, never

Types of Adverbs:

  • Manner, Time, Place, Frequency, Degree

Examples:

  • She runs quickly.

  • He is very smart.

6. Preposition

A preposition shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word in the sentence.

Common Prepositions:
in, on, at, to, from, with, about, under, over, between

Examples:

  • The cat is on the table.

  • I went to the market.

7. Conjunction

A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.

Types:

  • Coordinating – and, but, or, so

  • Subordinating – because, although, if, while

  • Correlative – either...or, neither...nor

Examples:

  • I like tea and coffee.

  • He didn’t come because he was sick.

8. Interjection

An interjection is a short expression of emotion.

Examples:

  • Wow! That’s amazing.

  • Oh no! I forgot my keys.

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